University of California San FranciscoNeurovascular Service
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UCSF Neurovascular Service Publications
S. Claiborne Johnston, MD,PhD

Updated March 2006

1.2006 W. S. Smith, J. W. Tsao, M. E. Billings, S. C. Johnston, J. C. Hemphill, 3rd, D. C. Bonovich and W. P. Dillon. Prognostic significance of angiographically confirmed large vessel intracranial occlusion in patients presenting with acute brain ischemia. Neurocrit Care. 4:14-7
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2.2006 R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, S. C. Johnston, I. Katzan, M. Kelly-Hayes, E. J. Kenton, M. Marks, L. H. Schwamm and T. Tomsick. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation. 113:e409-49
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3.2006 P. M. Rothwell, A. Buchan and S. C. Johnston. Recent advances in management of transient ischaemic attacks and minor ischaemic strokes. Lancet Neurol. 5:323-31
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4.2006 P. M. Rothwell and S. C. Johnston. Transient Ischemic Attacks. Stratifying Risk. Stroke. href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16410473">Link
5.2006 B. Ovbiagele, N. K. Hills, J. L. Saver and S. C. Johnston. Secondary-prevention drug prescription in the very elderly after ischemic stroke or TIA. Neurology. 66:313-8
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6.2006 J. S. Elkins, T. Khatabi, L. Fung, J. Rootenberg and S. C. Johnston. Recruiting subjects for acute stroke trials: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 37:123-8
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7.2006 D. L. Bhatt, K. A. Fox, W. Hacke, P. B. Berger, H. R. Black, W. E. Boden, P. Cacoub, E. A. Cohen, M. A. Creager, J. D. Easton, M. D. Flather, S. M. Haffner, C. W. Hamm, G. J. Hankey, S. C. Johnston, K. H. Mak, J. L. Mas, G. Montalescot, T. A. Pearson, P. G. Steg, S. R. Steinhubl, M. A. Weber, D. M. Brennan, L. Fabry-Ribaudo, J. Booth and E. J. Topol. Clopidogrel and Aspirin versus Aspirin Alone for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events. N Engl J Med. href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16531616">Link
8.2005 R. A. Whitmer, S. Sidney, J. Selby, S. C. Johnston and K. Yaffe. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 64:277-81
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9.2005 K. Uchino, S. C. Johnston, K. J. Becker and D. L. Tirschwell. Moyamoya disease in Washington State and California. Neurology. 65:956-8
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10.2005 J. W. Tsao, J. C. Hemphill, 3rd, S. C. Johnston, W. S. Smith and D. C. Bonovich. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale score predicts outcome following thrombolysis for posterior circulation stroke. Arch Neurol. 62:1126-9
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11.2005 L. H. Schwamm, A. Pancioli, J. E. Acker, 3rd, L. B. Goldstein, R. D. Zorowitz, T. J. Shephard, P. Moyer, M. Gorman, S. C. Johnston, P. W. Duncan, P. Gorelick, J. Frank, S. K. Stranne, R. Smith, W. Federspiel, K. B. Horton, E. Magnis and R. J. Adams. Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems. Stroke. 36:690-703
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12.2005 B. Ovbiagele, N. K. Hills, J. L. Saver and S. C. Johnston. Antihypertensive medications prescribed at discharge after an acute ischemic cerebrovascular event. Stroke. 36:1944-7
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13.2005 M. N. Nguyen-Huynh and S. C. Johnston. Is hospitalization after TIA cost-effective on the basis of treatment with tPA? Neurology. 65:1799-801
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14.2005 M. N. Nguyen-Huynh and S. C. Johnston. Regional variation in hospitalization for stroke among Asians/Pacific Islanders in the United States: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. BMC Neurol. 5:21
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15.2005 M. N. Nguyen-Huynh and S. C. Johnston. Transient ischemic attack: a neurologic emergency. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 5:13-20
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16.2005 T. M. Miller and S. C. Johnston. Should the Babinski sign be part of the routine neurologic examination? Neurology. 65:1165-8
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17.2005 M. T. Lawton, R. Du, M. N. Tran, A. S. Achrol, C. E. McCulloch, S. C. Johnston, N. J. Quinnine and W. L. Young. Effect of presenting hemorrhage on outcome after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 56:485-93; discussion 485-93
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18.2005 S. A. Josephson and S. C. Johnston. Multiple stable fusiform intracranial aneurysms following atrial myxoma. Neurology. 64:526
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19.2005 S. C. Johnston. Transient ischemic attack: a dangerous Harbinger and an opportunity to intervene. Semin Neurol. 25:362-70
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20.2005 S. C. Johnston, H. Zhang, L. M. Messina, M. T. Lawton and D. Dean. Chlamydia pneumoniae burden in carotid arteries is associated with upregulation of plaque interleukin-6 and elevated C-reactive protein in serum. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 25:2648-53
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21.2005 S. C. Johnston. Editorial comment--transient ischemic attacks are emergencies. Stroke. 36:724
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22.2005 S. C. Johnston. Who belongs inside the carotid arteries? Neurology. 64:188-9
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23.2005 H. J. Fullerton, A. S. Achrol, S. C. Johnston, C. E. McCulloch, R. T. Higashida, M. T. Lawton, S. Sidney and W. L. Young. Long-term hemorrhage risk in children versus adults with brain arteriovenous malformations. Stroke. 36:2099-104
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24.2005 J. S. Elkins, K. Yaffe, J. A. Cauley, H. A. Fink, T. A. Hillier and S. C. Johnston. Pre-existing hypertension and the impact of stroke on cognitive function. Ann Neurol. 58:68-74
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25.2005 J. S. Elkins, D. S. Knopman, K. Yaffe and S. C. Johnston. Cognitive function predicts first-time stroke and heart disease. Neurology. 64:1750-5
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26.2005 R. Du, C. F. Dowd, S. C. Johnston, W. L. Young and M. T. Lawton. Interobserver variability in grading of brain arteriovenous malformations using the Spetzler-Martin system. Neurosurgery. 57:668-75; discussion 668-75
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27.2005 V. C. Douglas, D. C. Tong, L. A. Gillum, S. Zhao, L. M. Brass, J. Dostal and S. C. Johnston. Do the Brain Attack Coalition's criteria for stroke centers improve care for ischemic stroke? Neurology. 64:422-7
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28.2005 D. L. Bhatt, K. A. Fox, W. Hacke, P. B. Berger, H. R. Black, W. E. Boden, P. Cacoub, E. A. Cohen, M. A. Creager, J. D. Easton, M. D. Flather, S. M. Haffner, C. W. Hamm, G. J. Hankey, S. C. Johnston, K. H. Mak, J. L. Mas, G. Montalescot, T. A. Pearson, P. G. Steg, S. R. Steinhubl, M. A. Weber, J. Booth and E. J. Topol. A global view of atherothrombosis: baseline characteristics in the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. Am Heart J. 150:401
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29.2005 N. Bardach, S. Zhao, S. Pantilat and S. C. Johnston. Adjustment for do-not-resuscitate orders reverses the apparent in-hospital mortality advantage for minorities. Am J Med. 118:400-8
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30.2004 Y. W. Wu, K. H. Backstrand, S. Zhao, H. J. Fullerton and S. C. Johnston. Declining diagnosis of birth asphyxia in California: 1991-2000. Pediatrics. 114:1584-90
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31.2004 W. S. Smith, C. F. Dowd, S. C. Johnston, N. U. Ko, S. J. DeArmond, W. P. Dillon, D. Setty, M. T. Lawton, W. L. Young, R. T. Higashida and V. V. Halbach. Neurotoxicity of intra-arterial papaverine preserved with chlorobutanol used for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 35:2518-22
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32.2004 S. A. Josephson, S. O. Bryant, H. K. Mak, S. C. Johnston, W. P. Dillon and W. S. Smith. Evaluation of carotid stenosis using CT angiography in the initial evaluation of stroke and TIA. Neurology. 63:457-60
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33.2004 S. C. Johnston. Ticlopidine was not better than aspirin for preventing recurrent stroke in African-Americans with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. ACP J Club. 140:9
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34.2004 S. C. Johnston, E. S. O'Meara, T. A. Manolio, D. Lefkowitz, D. H. O'Leary, S. Goldstein, M. C. Carlson, L. P. Fried and W. T. Longstreth, Jr.. Cognitive impairment and decline are associated with carotid artery disease in patients without clinically evident cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 140:237-47
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35.2004 S. C. Johnston. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin reduced stroke in patients with, or at risk for, vascular disease. ACP J Club. 141:32
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36.2004 S. C. Johnston. Ischemic preconditioning from transient ischemic attacks? Data from the Northern California TIA Study. Stroke. 35:2680-2
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37.2004 A. A. Jarquin-Valdivia, J. McCartney, D. Palestrant, S. C. Johnston and D. Gress. The thickness of the temporal squama and its implication for transcranial sonography. J Neuroimaging. 14:139-42
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38.2004 J. C. Hemphill, 3rd, J. Newman, S. Zhao and S. C. Johnston. Hospital usage of early do-not-resuscitate orders and outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 35:1130-4
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39.2004 A. X. Halim, S. C. Johnston, V. Singh, C. E. McCulloch, J. P. Bennett, A. S. Achrol, S. Sidney and W. L. Young. Longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with arteriovenous malformation of the brain within a defined population. Stroke. 35:1697-702
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40.2004 H. J. Fullerton, R. J. Adams, S. Zhao and S. C. Johnston. Declining stroke rates in Californian children with sickle cell disease. Blood. 104:336-9
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41.2004 H. J. Fullerton, J. S. Elkins and S. C. Johnston. Pediatric Stroke Belt: geographic variation in stroke mortality in US children. Stroke. 35:1570-3
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42.2004 J. S. Elkins, V. C. Douglas and S. C. Johnston. Alzheimer disease risk and genetic variation in ACE: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 62:363-8
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43.2004 J. S. Elkins, E. S. O'Meara, W. T. Longstreth, Jr., M. C. Carlson, T. A. Manolio and S. C. Johnston. Stroke risk factors and loss of high cognitive function. Neurology. 63:793-9
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44.2004 J. L. Clarke, S. C. Johnston, M. Farrant, R. Bernstein, D. Tong and J. C. Hemphill, 3rd. External validation of the ICH score. Neurocrit Care. 1:53-60
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45.2004 N. S. Bardach, S. J. Olson, J. S. Elkins, W. S. Smith, M. T. Lawton and S. C. Johnston. Regionalization of treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage: a cost-utility analysis. Circulation. 109:2207-12
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46.2004 S. Aslanyan, C. J. Weir, S. C. Johnston and K. R. Lees. Poststroke neurological improvement within 7 days is associated with subsequent deterioration. Stroke. 35:2165-70
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47.2003 W. S. Smith, H. C. Roberts, N. A. Chuang, K. C. Ong, T. J. Lee, S. C. Johnston and W. P. Dillon. Safety and feasibility of a CT protocol for acute stroke: combined CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion imaging in 53 consecutive patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24:688-90
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48.2003 W. S. Smith, S. C. Johnston, E. J. Skalabrin, M. Weaver, P. Azari, G. W. Albers and D. R. Gress. Spinal manipulative therapy is an independent risk factor for vertebral artery dissection. Neurology. 60:1424-8
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49.2003 M. N. Nguyen-Huynh, P. Fayad, P. B. Gorelick and S. C. Johnston. Knowledge and management of transient ischemic attacks among US primary care physicians. Neurology. 61:1455-6
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50.2003 N. U. Ko, S. C. Johnston, W. L. Young, V. Singh and A. L. Klatsky. Distinguishing intracerebral hemorrhages caused by arteriovenous malformations. Cerebrovasc Dis. 15:206-9
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51.2003 S. C. Johnston, S. Sidney, A. L. Bernstein and D. R. Gress. A comparison of risk factors for recurrent TIA and stroke in patients diagnosed with TIA. Neurology. 60:280-5
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52.2003 S. C. Johnston, P. B. Fayad, P. B. Gorelick, D. F. Hanley, P. Shwayder, D. van Husen and T. Weiskopf. Prevalence and knowledge of transient ischemic attack among US adults. Neurology. 60:1429-34
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53.2003 S. C. Johnston and J. D. Easton. Are patients with acutely recovered cerebral ischemia more unstable? Stroke. 34:2446-50
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54.2003 S. C. Johnston, E. C. Leira, M. D. Hansen and H. P. Adams, Jr.. Early recovery after cerebral ischemia risk of subsequent neurological deterioration. Ann Neurol. 54:439-44
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55.2003 H. J. Fullerton, Y. W. Wu, S. Zhao and S. C. Johnston. Risk of stroke in children: ethnic and gender disparities. Neurology. 61:189-94
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56.2003 J. S. Elkins and S. C. Johnston. Thirty-year projections for deaths from ischemic stroke in the United States. Stroke. 34:2109-12
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57.2003 V. C. Douglas, C. M. Johnston, J. Elkins, S. Sidney, D. R. Gress and S. C. Johnston. Head computed tomography findings predict short-term stroke risk after transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 34:2894-8
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58.2003 M. F. Berman, R. A. Solomon, S. A. Mayer, S. C. Johnston and P. P. Yung. Impact of hospital-related factors on outcome after treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Stroke. 34:2200-7
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59.2002 Y. W. Wu, D. W. Shek, P. A. Garcia, S. Zhao and S. C. Johnston. Incidence and mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in California. Neurology. 58:1070-6.
  
60.2002 V. Singh, D. R. Gress, R. T. Higashida, C. F. Dowd, V. V. Halbach and S. C. Johnston. The learning curve for coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 23:768-71.
  
61.2002 S. C. Johnston. Review: in-hospital care pathways for acute stroke do not improve clinical outcomes and lower quality of life. ACP J Club. 137:77.
  
62.2002 A. X. Halim, V. Singh, S. C. Johnston, R. T. Higashida, C. F. Dowd, V. V. Halbach, M. T. Lawton, D. R. Gress, C. E. McCulloch and W. L. Young. Characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations with coexisting aneurysms: a comparison of two referral centers. Stroke. 33:675-9.
  
63.2002 H. J. Fullerton, D. M. Chetkovich, Y. W. Wu, W. S. Smith and S. C. Johnston. Deaths from stroke in US children, 1979 to 1998. Neurology. 59:34-9.
  
64.2002 J. S. Elkins, S. Sidney, D. R. Gress, A. S. Go, A. L. Bernstein and S. C. Johnston. Electrocardiographic Findings Predict Short-term Cardiac Morbidity After Transient Ischemic Attack. Arch Neurol. 59:1437-41.
  
65.2002 N. S. Bardach, S. Zhao, D. R. Gress, M. T. Lawton and S. C. Johnston. Association between subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes and number of cases treated at California hospitals. Stroke. 33:1851-6.
  
66.2001 S. C. Johnston, S. Zhao, R. A. Dudley, M. F. Berman and D. R. Gress. Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in California. Stroke. 32:597-605.
  
67.2001 S. C. Johnston. Identifying confounding by indication through blinded prospective review. Am J Epidemiol. 154:276-84.
  
68.2001 S. C. Johnston, L. H. Fung, L. A. Gillum, W. S. Smith, L. M. Brass, J. H. Lichtman and A. N. Brown. Utilization of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke at academic medical centers: the influence of ethnicity. Stroke. 32:1061-8.
  
69.2001 S. C. Johnston, V. Singh, H. J. Ralston, 3rd and W. M. Gold. Chronic dyspnea and hyperventilation in an awake patient with small subcortical infarcts. Neurology. 57:2131-3.
  
70.2001 S. C. Johnston, L. M. Messina, W. S. Browner, M. T. Lawton, C. Morris and D. Dean. C-reactive protein levels and viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in carotid artery atherosclerosis. Stroke. 32:2748-52.
  
71.2001 J. C. Hemphill, 3rd, D. C. Bonovich, L. Besmertis, G. T. Manley and S. C. Johnston. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 32:891-7.
  
72.2001 L. A. Gillum and S. C. Johnston. Characteristics of academic medical centers and ischemic stroke outcomes. Stroke. 32:2137-42.
  
73.2001 H. J. Fullerton, S. C. Johnston and W. S. Smith. Arterial dissection and stroke in children. Neurology. 57:1155-60.
  
74.2001 B. G. Angeja, M. G. Shlipak, A. S. Go, S. C. Johnston, P. D. Frederick, J. G. Canto, H. V. Barron and D. Grady. Hormone therapy and the risk of stroke after acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 38:1297-301.
  
75.2000 S. C. Johnston. Effect of endovascular services and hospital volume on cerebral aneurysm treatment outcomes. Stroke. 31:111-7.
  
76.2000 S. C. Johnston. Prognostication matters. Muscle Nerve. 23:839-42.
  
77.2000 S. C. Johnston, C. B. Wilson, V. V. Halbach, R. T. Higashida, C. F. Dowd, M. W. McDermott, C. B. Applebury, T. L. Farley and D. R. Gress. Endovascular and surgical treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms: comparison of risks. Ann Neurol. 48:11-9.
  
78.2000 S. C. Johnston. Combining ecological and individual variables to reduce confounding by indication: case study--subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment. J Clin Epidemiol. 53:1236-41.
  
79.2000 S. C. Johnston, D. R. Gress, W. S. Browner and S. Sidney. Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. Jama. 284:2901-6.
  
80.2000 L. A. Gillum, S. K. Mamidipudi and S. C. Johnston. Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives. A meta-analysis. Jama. 284:72-8.
  
81.1999 S. C. Johnston, R. A. Dudley, D. R. Gress and L. Ono. Surgical and endovascular treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms at university hospitals. Neurology. 52:1799-805.
  
82.1999 S. C. Johnston, D. R. Gress and J. G. Kahn. Which unruptured cerebral aneurysms should be treated? A cost-utility analysis. Neurology. 52:1806-15.
  
83.1999 S. C. Johnston and W. S. Smith. Practice variability in management of transient ischemic attacks. Eur Neurol. 42:105-8.
  
84.1998 S. C. Johnston, V. V. Halbach, W. S. Smith and D. R. Gress. Rapid development of giant fusiform cerebral aneurysms in angiographically normal vessels. Neurology. 50:1163-6.
  
85.1998 S. C. Johnston, S. Selvin and D. R. Gress. The burden, trends, and demographics of mortality from subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology. 50:1413-8.
  
86.1998 S. C. Johnston, J. M. Colford, Jr. and D. R. Gress. Oral contraceptives and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 51:411-8.
  
87.1997 S. C. Johnston, R. Siedenberg, J. K. Min, E. H. Jerome and K. D. Laxer. Central apnea and acute cardiac ischemia in a sheep model of epileptic sudden death. Ann Neurol. 42:588-94.
  
88.1996 S. C. Johnston, T. M. Darragh and R. P. Simon. Postictal pulmonary edema requires pulmonary vascular pressure increases. Epilepsia. 37:428-32.
  
89.1995 S. C. Johnston, J. K. Horn, J. Valente and R. P. Simon. The role of hypoventilation in a sheep model of epileptic sudden death. Ann Neurol. 37:531-7.
  
90.1988 S. C. Johnston and R. C. Hilborn. Experimental verification of a universal scaling law for the Lyapunov exponent of a chaotic system. Physical Review. A. 37:2680-2682.
  
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